Zero Energy Solution, in collaboration with Pusan National University (PNU), the Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), and the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), has published a peer-reviewed research article in Materials Chemistry and Physics on the thermodynamic properties of the metal–insulator transition (MIT) in W-doped vanadium dioxide (VO₂).

The study demonstrates that tungsten doping effectively lowers the MIT temperature from approximately 340 K (67°C) to 299 K (26°C) while retaining a substantial volumetric latent heat (237.3 → 161.8 kJ/L), validating the feasibility of VO₂ as a high-performance solid-state phase-change material operating near room temperature.

In addition, the research establishes that enhanced crystallinity leads to increased transition entropy, highlighting the critical role of crystal quality in preserving the intrinsic thermodynamic characteristics of VO₂.

These findings provide an important scientific foundation for the development of next-generation energy-efficient materials and expand the application potential of VO₂ in smart windows, thermal management, thermal energy storage, infrared signature control, and advanced functional coatings.